Supplementary Figure S1. Comparison of clinicopathological features with overall survival in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma in the YKD, TCGA and GEO cohorts combined. Inferior survival was associated with (A) higher tumor stage; (B) metastasis at diagnosis and (C) cortisol producing tumors. (A) and (B) uses data from the YKD and TCGA cohorts and (C) is based on data from the YKD and GEO cohorts.

(A)

(B)

Tumor stage

Metastasis at diagnosis

1.00

1.00

Stage n = 12

0.75

0.75

Proportion surviving

Stage II n = 69

Proportion surviving

No metastasis n = 99

0.50

0.50

Stage III n = 34

0.25

0.25

Metastasis n = 28

p < 0.0001

p < 0.0001

Stage IV n = 36

0.00

0.00

0

24

48

72 96 120 Survival (months)

144

168

192

0

24

48

72

96

120

144

168

Survival (months)

192

(C)

Cortisol production

1.00

0.75

Proportion surviving

0.50

No cortisol n = 24

0.25

Cortisol n = 21

p = 0.023

0.00

0

24

48

72

96

Survival (months)

120

144

168

192

1

1

0.95

0.9

0.85

0.8

☒ NAT

☒ ACA

☒ ACC

Supplementary Figure S2. Heatmap showing mRNA expression similarity between samples and categorized by tissue type from the GEO cohort. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) showed higher heterogeneity compared to adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) and normal adrenal tissue (NAT) which showed closer similarity to each other. Identical samples had the same mRNA expression profiles which are red.