Clinical Presentation

ACC overview

Clinical presentation in ACC is more coherent when arranged around syndromic hormone excess, mass-effect or incidentally detected tumors, and metastatic or otherwise unusual first presentations.¹²³

Clinical Map

Hormone-Excess Presentations in ACC

These reports focus on cortisol, androgen, estrogen, or mineralocorticoid excess and show how endocrine syndromes often drive earlier recognition than mass effect alone.¹²³

Grouped note: Hormone-Excess Presentations in ACC

Mass-Effect and Incidental Discovery in ACC

This note groups abdominal pain, palpable-mass, local compression, and incidentaloma presentations that enter the workup through imaging rather than overt endocrinology.¹²³

Grouped note: Mass-Effect and Incidental Discovery in ACC

Metastatic and Unusual Presentations of ACC

These papers highlight presentations driven by metastatic disease, thrombus, rupture, paraneoplastic phenomena, or rare endocrine syndromes that can obscure the adrenal origin.¹²³

Grouped note: Metastatic and Unusual Presentations of ACC

How to Read This Literature

The grouped notes below separate endocrine syndromes from nonspecific presentations and metastatic patterns so the literature tracks how ACC actually enters the clinic.¹²³

See Also

• hormonal_evaluation
• special_populations
• initial_diagnostic_workflow

References

Footnotes

1. In vitro synthesis of steroids by a feminising adrenocortical carcinoma: effect of prolactin and other protein hormones.. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1976. PMID: 180740. Local full text: 180740.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵

2. Gonadotropin-release upon intravenous administration of a long-acting analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in females with increased plasma-androgens.. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1979. PMID: 386679. Local full text: 386679.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵

3. Adrenocortical carcinoma in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with azathioprine.. Arthritis Rheum. 1979. PMID: 465106. Local full text: 465106.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵